Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Business law - Essay Example When dealing with fraud, reliance refers to the fact that one party would not have entered into the agreement that constitutes the fraud if the other party had not made the misrepresentation or made the silent fraud (Clarkson, Miller and Cross 157). In the case at hand, the material fact was the overstated inventory, and the reliance was the decision by ABC to purchase the company on June 1. Despite the fact that Zulu discovered the overstatement of the inventory 15 days after the financial statements have been presented, and ABC Corporation discovered the overstatement after purchasing the company, silent fraud had still been committed. ABC can prove silent fraud since it can prove that, prior to the purchase, Zulu failed to disclose a material fact, Zulu had actual knowledge of the material fact and the failure by Zulu to disclose the material fact gave caused ABC Corporation to have a false impression and, therefore, buy the company. ABC Corporation can also prove that, when Zulu failed to disclose the material fact, which is the overstatement of inventory, they knew that ABC Corporation would have a false impression and/or they intended ABC Corporation to have a false impression. ABC Corporation can also prove that they rel ied on the false impression to make the decision, and as a result of the decision made, ABC Corporation suffered a loss (Clarkson, Miller and Cross

Human Performance Technology Model Essay Example for Free

Human Performance Technology Model Essay The journal I had chosen is â€Å"Minding the gap , identifying performances issues using the Human Performances Technology model (HPT) . † The purpose of this journal is to main a useful model for identifying and addressing employee performance issues in academic libraries , specifically in a Learning Commons . As we know , assessing and improving employee performance , especially library services are always challenging . However , HPT provides methods for evaluating human performances , such as the performance of employees at a service point , and , and provides method in fixing problems that are identified . Most of the time , training is always assumed solution for many performances issues , but HPT suggests that the training is not always the answer and provides a variety of the other solutions referred to intervention . The HPT model created by the International Society for Performance Improvement (ISPI , 2010 a ) was used to evaluate employee performance at the service point in a newly created Learning Commons . Various interventions are also discussed the address performances issues in libraries. The HPT model may help librarians create measurable performance indicators which can be used to set standard of performances for employees. This model is useful for a combination of student workers, paraprofessionals and librarians. The HPT model comes from field of HPT , which is the combination of education , psychology and business . So , HPT is the process of identifying and analyzing the gap between current performances ( where one is ) and ideal performance ( where one wants to be ) using various tools such as models . Closing the gap can be done through a recommend solution called an intervention. â€Å"Intervention† in HPT refers to a course of action taken to improve performance . Each stage of the HPT process helps one understand the behaviors of people in an organization and of the organization as a whole . HPT aims to analyze observable behaviour both individually and collectively. HPT ensures a through of a variety of areas within an organization in order to understand the performance gap. An analysis of values, norms, culture, structure, performance, and environment is recommended . Through an organization analysis , environmental analysis , gap analysis , can cause those who using HPT analysis determine the performance problem or opportunity . Without careful analysis , inappropriate intervention could be implemented . Intervention should be long term , evolutionary and progressive. Learning Commons in Randall Library at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW ) was using HPT model to evaluate employee performance. The Learning Commons provides a variety of hardware and software, a centralized service point is included in the middle of the Learning Commons. This service point staffed by librarians who are full time faculty members at UNCW and university’s Technology Assistance Center (TAC) student assistant who are hired to work part time at multiple service points , including the Learning Commons service point , in Randall Library . The primary user group of the Learning Commons is UNCW students . The learning Commons applied HPT after three months opens . The performances issues identified after three months after opening . While some performance issues may ‘work themselves out ‘ overtime , if using the HPT model early in the operation can identify the problems immediately and prevents the problems . Application of the model can helps to identify the root of the causes and helps pinpoint appropriate solution for those issues. An assumption that training is always the appropriate solution for all performances problems can be corrected using HPT . As noted in the HPT model , there are several phases of analysis which are performance analysis , organizational analysis , environmental analysis , gap analysis and cause analysis . A â€Å"cause analysis† follows the performance analysis helps to identify a â€Å"lack of environmental support† or a â€Å"lack of repertory behaviour†. â€Å"Intervention selection ,design , and development† follow all analysis phases . That is because after identify all the gaps or problems , then only can select the appropriate intervention to fix the problem . Main Body and Discussion Human Performance Technology (HPT ) is a systematic approach to improving productivity and competence , it is a strategy for solving problems and for realizing opportunities related to the performance of people . It uses a wide range of intervention to improve individual and organizational performance . There are three fundamental processes to go through . There are performance analysis ,cause analysis and intervention selection . It can be applied to individuals , small groups ,and large organizations . Without identified the causes of the issues , the appropriate intervention impossible to created . Learning Commons in Randall Library at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW) was using HPT model to evaluate employee performance at the service point . First stage of the HPT model calls performance analysis . The â€Å"performance analysis† is to determine if a performance problem exists . A performance analysis includes an organizational analysis , an environmental analysis ,and a gap analysis . The first step in the performance analysis , the organizational analysis , calls for an examination of an organization ‘s vision , mission , values ,goals and strategies . It is important to define the boundaries of the organization before performing this phase in the model . It is useful to examine all departments or offices that closely related to the specific area under examination. The next component of HPT model is environmental analysis . The environmental analysis examines four important factors which are organizational environment, work environment, work, and the worker. In the HPT model, the â€Å"Work Environment† refers to the â€Å"resources, tools, human resources, and policies† of an organization, or in this case, of the Learning Commons. â€Å"Work† is described as â€Å"work flow, procedure, responsibilities, and ergonomics†. â€Å"Worker† refers to the â€Å"knowledge , skill , motivation , expectation and capacity† of an individual . The â€Å"Gap analysis† requires an examination of the actual performance versus the optimal , or desired performance . The information collected through the organizational and environmental analysis . The HPT model shows that the gap falls between the â€Å"Desired workforce performance† and the â€Å"Actual state of workforce performance†. It is important to identify the gaps , then analyze the causes of those gap happens. In Learning Commons , there has a temporary service desk was constructed , new furniture was not yet installed and a formal staff training program was not yet implemented . The performances of Learning Commons service was not optimal and causes a â€Å"gap† between optimal and desired performances . Next is causes analysis . As the HPT model suggests , after the performances gap was identified ,the â€Å"cause analysis† should be completed . The cause analysis can determine why the performance gap exists . Once a cause is identified, one or more interventions can be selected that will be able to close the performance gap . There are some causes for the performances issues . First , data , information and feedback . Initial training and communication of clear roles , responsibilities and expectations were not provided when the Learning Commons initially opened . Second , environment support , resources and tools . Detailed in Learning Commons employee did not exist . The conflict among workers will be happened . Third , consequences , incentives , reward . There were no consequences , incentives or rewards related to performance at the Learning Commons service point . Forth , skill and knowledge . A deficiency in general knowledge of the library services and the role of the librarians at the service point existed among TAC student assistants . Fifth , motivation and expectations . It is unclear what motivates Learning Commons employees and what they expect from themselves . After knowing the causes of the issues , intervention selection , design and development is needed . Closing the performances gap can be done through recommended solutions called interventions. HPT suggests that training is not always the appropriate solution because training will not solve issues related to motivation and expectation . However , an incentives and rewards will address motivation . There are some interventions existed after knowing the causes . There are job description intervention , document and standards intervention , training intervention , performance appraisal intervention . A job description specifically for employment in the Learning Commons would define each position’s duties , responsibilities , working conditions , and job activities , which would help employees understand their own job and the role of the other employees at the Learning Commons services point . Besides that , to remedy problems related to lack of information for job duties and procedures , the recommendation is a documents and standards intervention . The standard operating procedures(SOP) manual would include the job description , expectations , policies , guidelines , and procedures for each position at the service desk . Training intervention is training librarians and TAC students . Training employees would provide expectations for each employee . Performance appraisal intervention show staff that there will be consequences for poor performance and rewards for good performance . On the other hand , feedback should be encouraged in Learning Commons . Positive feedback should be provided and given from all the employees . Negative feedback is also important to correct everyday issues . After implemented all the intervention that suggested, must evaluate their success based on further analysis of performance . In my opinion , HPT is a very good tool to evaluate the individual performance or organizational performance . As we see the problems in Learning Commons , HPT had given a good solution for it in fixing the problem . HPT begins with a comparison of the of the present and the desired levels of individual and organizational performance to identify the performance gap. Once the performance gap and the causes have been determined, the appropriate interventions are designed and developed. These may include measurement and feedback systems, new tools and equipment, compensation and reward systems, selection and placement of employees, and training and development. The interventions are then implemented and the change process managed. After implemented all the intervention , The employees in Learning Commons will clear about their roles , responsibilities . At the same time , The Learning Commons is already providing to be a great resource at UNCW . HPT model must be applied cyclically and systematically over time to evaluate employee performance . However , I do not agree that HPT is always the best tool in solving problem . This is because it might identify wrong data or information during performance analysis . If it is wrong in the beginning of the process , inappropriate intervention might created . This will make the decision maker make the wrong decision . While doing wrong analysis , there might insert a high cost and it’s will be a waste of time if the analysis is wrong . Moreover , HPT has mentioned a few intervention to fix the problems . It’s hard to implement all those intervention at the same time . If cannot implement successfully , the more problem might exists . But if whole process is running smoothly , nonetheless , HPT is a very tool in solving problem . I had compared two models which are HPT model and ADDIE model . The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design model consisting of five phase which are analysis , design , development ,implementation and evaluation phase . There are a few similarities between HPT model and ADDIE model . They both use process of analysis to look the problem and seek for the solution as well . However , they have a key different between the model . The ADDIE model addresses the â€Å"gaps between desired outcomes or behaviours and the audience’s existing knowledge and skills†. The ADDIE models mainly focus on the individual needs and then design and develop objectives and processes help the individual . Evaluation and implementation do not just happened at the end of the design and development . They are ongoing to inform the designer . So if there any changes, the necessary solution can be made quickly . The HPT model is different because it more focus on the causes of â€Å"performance† gap . The success of the organization is depend on its employees . HPT will look what causes the employees unable to perform the job . HPT’s goal is to increase the bottom line of the company by increasing the individual’s ability to perform the job . In addition , it is important that the HPT is look â€Å" what caused the problem† ,while the ADDIE model looks at â€Å" solving the problem exists † . HPT model design seem to also behaviourist approach because the focus is more changing individual behaviour . The HPT model will look at evaluation of the problem and how it was addressed long after the process . The HPT model has its own advantages . In my view , because HPT model is focused on how the people perform on the job . In my opinion , the workers or the people of the organization is the assets for its organization . So , the performance of the individual affect overall success of the organization . This model takes many variables into the account , that there will affect performance . It humanizes the work place because the individuals are allowed to address their problems. At the same time , it may be necessary to provide training course if the individual unable to perform the work is because of lacking information or unknowledgeable . Beside that , HPT model never ignore the reward or motivation . If they have a good performance , incentive or reward will be given to motivate the employees . Every model has its own disadvantages as well , disadvantage I see is how the technologist ensures lifelong working and the successful using the collected information. Because they wait a while before evaluating. It would seem to me that the worker would want to know immediately if they are doing better so that changes can be made more quickly. Feedback is so important to workers feeling successful and competent. If there is too much focus on negative feedback, it may have a negative impact on the individual. Where as in the ADDIE model, the worker’s deficiencies or the causes problems are not the major focus, and you get feedback at various stages rather than only at the end of the process. If I were a human resource professional in any area , I would use HPT model . As I was also a worker before , I see that would be beneficial for all the subordinates or primary worker . If workers feel supported, they’ll do better than if they’re not supported. It provides a guide to helping individuals be successful in their work. I think someone who feels successful and competent in their work is more likely to suffer less burn out than those individuals who have no one in their corner to mentor or help them solve whatever issue is keeping them from doing their best on the job. I might also use HPT when talking to friends or children about getting jobs and being successful on the job. I can apply it to my own career and be my own trouble shooter as well as look for solutions. This puts a little more power over what I do in my hands because at least I would know that I can change me to help the organization do its job better too. On the other hand , as I mentioned employees are a part of assets of the organization . I think it is the responsibility of the human resource department to choose an appropriate system of performance appraisal . Effective appraisal system motivate the employees all the time rather than joining training . Conclusion In conclusion, HPT model has been described as the systematic and systemic identification and removal of barriers to individual and organizational performance. Nonetheless ,HPT model is an effective tool for uncovering performance issues . The model can be applied to any area in the library where employees must perform and is not limited to public service . In any new service , some performance issues may â€Å" work themselves out† overtime while some may not . In some cases , problems left unidentified or unsolved , it may be quite difficult to fix after an extended period of time . It is same like our daily habit or problems , if a parent identified that a child is beginning to pick up a bad habit , it is certainly easier to change the child’s behaviour when the parent first notices their child’s behaviour . If the parents did not take action to stop their child in the beginning , it is hard to stop their child after maintain a long bad habit . Similarity to any other service , if identify the problems early , then can find out the causes and fix it as fast as possible . The model does require extensive analysis . Without this analysis , a full picture cannot be taken , assumption will be made , and issues or problems cannot be identified . Optimal employee performance is critical in any organization . From the journal , Learning Commons in UNCW is using human performance technology (HPT ) . It is a library . With libraries needing to demonstrate their value and provide assessment data and administration . The HPT model serves as one more useful tool for libraries to accomplish this . I had read a journal , which is about ADDIE model and I had also compared both ADDIE and HPT model . I found that there have many similarities . But when I go deeper for the journal , I found that there is a big differences . ADDIE model focus more on training building program , while in HPT model , training is only one of the tool . HPT model is not only useful in organization , but also useful for every individual . If did not find out the causes properly , a appropriate solution is impossible to created .

Mental Health Definition and Case Study

Mental Health Definition and Case Study This assignment is going to explore about what mental health is and make a distinction between mental disorders and mental illnesses. A case study of a patient suffering with depression is going to be incorporated within the assignment. The assignment will also define what depression is and address the possible causes, symptoms, medication and therapies that could be used to change the mental health state of the patient. Changes in the mental health state of the individual will be explored showing the differences between a patient with depression and a person who does not suffer with depression. Gibbs, (1988) reflective cycle is going to be used together with Fleming, (1987) learning needs and styles models to reflect on own personal learning needs. SWOT analysis is going to be use in included reflecting on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code of conduct, (2008) and Data Protection Act, (1998) confidentialit y and anonymity will be maintained throughout the assignment. In order to give a depth answers to the above question, it is necessary to briefly mention the importance of mental health and mental illness in our society. Mental health is defined as ‘a continuum of experience, from mental well being through to a severe and enduring mental illness ‘(Austin and Priest, 2005).Kakar, (1984) also define mental health as a label, which covers different perspectives and concerns, such as the absence of incapacitating symptoms, integration of psychological functioning, effective conduct of personal and social life, feelings of ethical and spiritual well-being. In (2007) the WHO define mental health as conceptualized as a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. In this positive sense, mental health is the foundation for well- being and effectuating for an individual and for a community. (DH 2001), defined mental health as ‘thinking, feeling and physical health and well-being‘. The world Health Organisation (WHO), (2001) defines health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Mental health problems are more common in people with a learning disability which is the authors chosen branch of work. It is important to have a good knowledge about what health is before defining what mental health is. The WHO uses a holistic approach when looking at health. The (2004) WHO report on â€Å"Promoting Mental Health† stated that â€Å".mental Health and mental illness are determined by multiple and interacting social, Psychological and biological factors, just as health and illness in general. Mental health implies fitness rather than freedom from illness† (WHO, 2004 p 13). Norman and Ryrie, (2009) are not in full agreement of WHOS definitions of health and mental health. They suggest that, these definitions are little value. However they are in agreement with their 2007 definitions and suggest that it hold more promise. They suggest it relates more to their quadrant concept of ‘self and ‘community. Norman and Ryrie are in the agreement with the WHOS definition they believe it is slightly complex and they suggest that, the authors Keyes (2002) and Huppert (2005) use more simpler approach to defined positive   mental health and well-being. The use terms such as hedonic and eudaimonic.Hedonic means positive feelings and positive affect, which reflect subjective well-being and eudaimonic means positive fu nctioning, which includes engagement, fulfilment and social well-being. Mental health is the capacity to live life to the full in ways that enables us to realise our own natural potentialities, and that unite us with rather than divide us from all other human beings who make up our world (Guntrip 1964).According to the Department of Health (1995), mental health consists of four key capacities: The ability to develop psychologically, emotionally, intellectually and spiritually, the ability to intiate, develop and sustain mutually satisfying personal relationships, the ability to become aware of others and to empathise with them and the ability to use psychological distress as a development process, so that it does not hinder or impair further development. Depression REFLECTION Schon, (1983) define reflection as a process of thinking with a purpose and focused strongly on the need to test out and challenge true beliefs by applying the scientific method through deductive reasoning and experimentation and also implied that emotions and feelings are part of reflective thinking. Reflection is an active persistent and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusion to which it tends Dewey (1933).Using Gibbs reflective Cycle, (1988) appendix 1 and Neil Flemings Vark system, (1987) I will reflect on my experiences on my practise ward and on my theory. By having the chance to completed Flemings Vark questionnaire and my result was multimodal. This showed that I could learn by reading and writing literature, learning using visual aids, aurally and using kinaesthetic methods. I intend to reflect on my communication skills, literacy skills IT skills using Gibbs cycle. Gibbs cycle is a six stage cycle which helps the reader to reflect on situations, analyse feelings and evaluate experiences, conclude situations and how a person would deal with experiences again if they rose. REFERENCES Austin M.P and Priest S.R 2005 Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (Online) 112(no.2) Norman Ian and Ryrie Iain 2009, the Art and Science of Mental Health Nursing, Second Edition, Open University Press BIBLIOGRAPHY Andrews, G and Jenkins, R (Eds) 1999 Management of Mental Disorders

Marx and the Communist Movement Essay -- Marxism Karl Marx Communism E

Marx and the Communist Movement The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels, has become one of the world's most influential and significant pieces of political propaganda ever written. It contains the viewpoints and ideology of the world-view that Marx and Engels had come to know from their political involvement from the previous years. Published in 1848, in a time of European revolution, the Manifesto is an incisive summary of the Marxist vision and outlines the foundation of the Marxist movement. According to Marx, four stages of human development exist. In the beginning of social development there is slavery where political and social freedoms are non-existent. The second stage of development, known as feudalism, is a system in which freedom becomes slightly more obtainable, yet a lord or vassal who oversees all rules. The third, and most controversial of stages, is known as capitalism. Here, private or corporate ownership of capital goods is determined by private decisions rather than the state. Price, production and the distribution of goods are determined mainly by competing in a free market. Lastly, the forth stage of human development, is referred to as Communism. This is a final stage of society in Marxist theory in which the state and private ownership is demolished, and economic goods are owned and distributed equally. In the stages of society previous to communism, society is based on antagonisms of the à ¬oppressed and the oppressing,à ® from freeman and slaves, working class and government, to proletariat and bourgeois. Each stage of the social order goes through a passage from one stage to the other. The movement from one platform to another is best described as going through a co... ...ols, allowing for the advancement of the younger generations. All of these concepts would benefit the working class holistically. The utopian society formed would end wars and conflict among people. It would bring an end to the exploitation of people allowing all people the opportunity to succeed in life. National boundaries and all class antagonisms would obliterate. Therefore, the Communist society, in the eyes of Karl Marx, would allow the masses a chance to come together and unite for all people to work for the common good. Marx's final words in the conclusion of the Manifesto, à ¬Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Working men of all countries, uniteà ® gives hope to the working class to further disassemble the oppression from the prior capitalist society.

Examine How Shakespeare Presents the Character of Friar Lawrence ‘Romeo and Juliet’

Examine how Shakespeare presents the character of Friar Lawrence ‘Romeo and Juliet’ In ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Shakespeare presents Friar Lawrence in many ways, such as, a holy man, a fatherly figure but also as a coward. Friar Lawrence is a key instrument of fate within the play; he has good intentions but ends up helping fate to create tragedy. In the first scene the audience see Friar Lawrence in; he is presented as being extremely knowledgeable.The audience see him gathering plants and herbs and demonstrates his knowledge by saying ‘For this being smelt, with that part cheers each part cheers each part being tasted, stays all senses with the heart. ’ This line portrays the idea that each cure for an illness can also be deadly if taken in the wrong way. This demonstrates his knowledge of plants, herbs and medicine. As well as this the Nurse enters one scene and praises Friar Lawrence for his ‘good council’ by saying ‘O, what lea rning is! ’ This emphasises the Friar’s knowledge and shows that other characters view him as intelligent.Secondly Shakespeare presents Friar Lawrence as not only being a holy man but as being aware of the world or ‘worldly wise. ’ This is proven at many points throughout the play such as when Romeo comes to Friar Lawrence’s cell and the Friar can tell that Romeo hasn’t been to sleep because he has been with a girl. This is illustrated in the line ‘Our Romeo hath not been to bed tonight. ’ As well as this Friar Lawrence comments on how quickly Romeo falls in love with one girl to the next by saying ‘Young men’s love then lies not truly in their hearts but in their eyes. This demonstrates that Friar Lawrence is aware that not all love is true. Furthermore, Friar Lawrence agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet so hastily to ensure that they do not have sex before marriage. This is proven in the lines ‘We shall make sho rt work for by leaves, you shall not stay alone, till holy church incorporate two in one. ’ This again emphasises how ‘worldly wise’ Friar Lawrence is as he realises that young people do have sex before marriage and do not always worry about faith and what religion has to say about their actions.Throughout the play Shakespeare also presents Friar Lawrence as being a councillor and fatherly figure towards Romeo. This side is portrayed in many scenes and is proved in lines such as ‘That’s my good son’ where Friar Lawrence is addressing Romeo as if he is his son. This is also illustrated in the line ‘wisely and slow they stumble that run fast’. This shows that Friar Lawrence is seeing Romeo grow up and make mistakes so that he can learn from them; this is something a father would usually say about their own child.As well as this the first time Romeo greets Friar Lawrence Romeo uses the word ‘father’ which proves to the a udience that he perceives Friar Lawrence as a fatherly figure. Friar Lawrence appears to be someone that Romeo can go to, to seek advice and guidance rather than speaking to his father. This highlights that in upper class families the relationship between parents and children is maybe not as strong as it is in lower class families. As well as having all of these characteristics Shakespeare also presents Friar Lawrence as being a respected man among other characters.We see this in the final scene where the prince asks Friar Lawrence for his account of events, the line that proves this is ‘Then say at once what thou dost know in this’. This illustrates to the audience that the Prince respects and values Friar Lawrence’s view and opinion on events that have occurred. However even though Friar Lawrence is presented as having lots of positive characteristics he also possesses some negative ones, such as being slightly irresponsible. Examples of his irresponsibleness o ccur several times throughout the play, the first example being when he first agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet by saying ‘I’ll thy assist be’.This is an irresponsible thing to do because Friar Lawrence knows that he does not have either parents consent, he also knows that Romeo and Juliet only met the night before and therefore, may not be truly in love. Another example of Friar Lawrence being presented as irresponsible is when he agrees to perform a bigamous marriage between Juliet and Paris, he tells Juliet to ‘Give consent to marry Paris’. This shows he is irresponsible because bigamous marriages are illegal and he is a priest so is supposed to abide by the law.Furthermore, the plan Friar Lawrence comes up with to help Romeo and Juliet be together is not thought through fully and is generally irresponsible. This is proved in the lines ‘I’ll send a Friar with speed to Mantua, with my letters to thy lord’, this is not thought thr ough fully as how will the Friar that is sent know where Romeo is in Mantua and how will Friar Lawrence know that Romeo has received the letters in time. The whole plan that Friar Lawrence comes up with is irresponsible as he is giving a 13 or 14 year old girl a ‘remedy’ that will give her no pulse and make her appear dead, which could be potentially risky.Finally, at the end of the play we see Friar Lawrence being presented as behaving quite cowardly, which is a contrast to what we see throughout the play when he risks his reputation by helping Romeo and Juliet to secretly marry. We see evidence of this when the Prince and his guards turn up in the final scene of the play and Friar Lawrence says ‘Come go, good Juliet, I dare no longer stay’. This is cowardly behaviour because he is willing to come up with a plan but then does not want to face up to the consequences of it. Friar Lawrence is presented in many different ways throughout the play by Shakespeare .It is apparent that in Friar Lawrence’s beginning scenes his more positive characteristics are presented to the audience, such as how knowledgeable, worldly wise, fatherly and respected he is. Whereas towards the end of the play the audience begins to see how irresponsible and cowardly Friar Lawrence can be. Despite his small amount of negative characteristics it is evident to the audience that Friar Lawrence’s intentions are good but because fate had everything mapped out tragedy occurred and there was nothing any of the characters could do to stop it.

Mahatma Ghandi, a Hero

Mahatma Gandhi For me, a hero is someone who tries to make the world a better place. Christopher Paolini said, â€Å"Without fear there cannot be courage. † I agree there has to be fear before there is courage. Gandhi turned his fear into courage and decided to try to make the world a better place and as a result India gained its independence. It took conquering his fears and being a courageous hero in a peaceful way to be the leader of Indian nationalism during British rule. Gandhi fought for Indian rights. Click any fact to locate it on the web.Click Wrong? to report a problem. Cancel Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was given the holy name Mahatma which means Great Soul. He was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. In 1888, he sailed to England to study at the University College London and then the University of London where he studied Law. In 1893, he accepted a job in South Africa and in 1903 Gandhi opened a law firm in Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1906, Gandhi had his first protest in South Africa against anti-Indian laws and two years later he was imprisoned.In 1914, he returned to India where he became leader of the Indian National Congress (INC) supporting a plan using nonviolence to get independence. He was jailed from 1922 until 1924 for conspiracy. He was jailed again in 1930 for breaking India’s Salt Laws. In 1932, Gandhi started his famous â€Å"fast unto death† to protest British support of a new Indian constitution which gave India’s lowest classes, the â€Å"untouchables†, their separate political representation. Gandhi believed this would unfairly divide India's social classes and he believed in equality.In 1942, Gandhi began the nationwide â€Å"Quit India† movement. Five years later, India became independent from the British. Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic on January 30, 1948 in Birla House in Delhi while at a prayer meeting. Early in his life, after seeing the misery of millions of hi s countrymen, thousands of them dying from starvation, Gandhi gave up all his money and spent his life helping the poor and the oppressed. He was the leader of the Indian nationalist group against the British rule and is commonly known as the father of his country.His strategy of a non-violent protest to get political and social progress has influenced many people. His program of peaceful non-cooperation with the British included boycotts of their goods and institutions which lead to arrests of thousands. In 1945, the British government began negotiations which ended with the formation of the two new independent states of India and Pakistan divided along religious lines. Gandhi was opposed to partition and fasted to try to bring harmony in Calcutta and Delhi. Ghandi once said, â€Å"In a gentle way, you can shake the world. This is exactly what he did. He made positive changes around him using peaceful ways. He also said, â€Å"I do not want to foresee the future. I am concerned w ith taking care of the present. God has given me no control over the moment following. † He did change his present; he changed what was happening during his life. He devoted his life to helping his countrymen gain independence and be treated as equals. This is why I believe Gandhi is a hero; he made the world a better place by being courageous, brave, a leader and a believer in being able to make a difference.

APA Referencing †How to Cite a Conference Paper

APA Referencing – How to Cite a Conference Paper APA Referencing – How to Cite a Conference Paper So you’ve been to an academic conference and you want to cite a presentation you’ve seen. Or maybe you’ve just read the conference proceedings and want to cite them. Either way, APA referencing has specific rules for citing a conference paper, so make sure you know how it’s supposed to be done! In-Text Citations In-text citations for a conference paper use the standard APA referencing style of giving the author’s name, year of publication and relevant page numbers in parentheses: Many academic conferences are â€Å"oversubscribed† (Chatterton, 2002, p. 16). If the author is named in the text, simply give the year of publication afterwards, followed by page numbers after the quoted text: According to Chatterton (2002), many academic conferences are â€Å"oversubscribed† (p. 16). If you’re citing the entire proceedings of a conference, give the editor’s name in place of an author. Reference List: Conference Proceedings The papers presented at a conference are often published as â€Å"conference proceedings.† If you’ve cited the proceedings of a conference as a whole, the information you’ll need to provide in the reference list includes: Editor Name, Initial. (ed.) (Year). Title of conference: Subtitle, Location, Date. City of Publication: Publisher. For instance, the proceedings from a (fictional) conference about academic conferences would appear in an APA reference list as: Ditor, E. (ed.) (2002). Getting together: The academic benefits, Atlanta, June 2002. Houston: PME Publications. Reference List: Published Conference Papers Rather than citing the entire proceedings, you’ll often want to cite a single presentation you’ve seen or read. For a published paper, the reference list entry should include: Author Name, Initial. (Year). Paper title. In: Editor Name (ed.). Title of Conference, Location, Date (page range). City of Publication: Publisher. So a paper from our fictional meta-conference would appear in the reference list as: Chatterton, T. (2002). Anachronisms and conferences. In: Ed Ditor (ed.). Getting together: The academic benefits, Atlanta, June 2002 (pp. 15-23). Houston: PME Publications. Reference List: Unpublished Conference Papers You can also cite a conference paper that hasn’t been published, but the format here is a little different: Author Name, Initial. (Year, Month). Paper title. Paper presented at Conference Title, Location of Conference. An unpublished version of the Chatterton paper used in the example above would therefore appear in an APA reference list as: Chatterton, T. (2002, June). Anachronisms and conferences. Paper presented at Getting Together: The Academic Benefits, Atlanta, Atlanta Metropolitan State College.

25 Active Adjectives for Your Résumé

25 Active Adjectives for Your Rà ©sumà © In the United States, distance learning at the college level has some advantages, but also some disadvantages that are pertinent to your ability to get the job you want with your online degree. It  becomes especially important for graduates of distance learning institutions to take steps to overcome this deficit when applying for a job. Your rà ©sumà © is where youll start. Deficits the Rà ©sumà © Can Help Overcome Employers often have some reservations about hiring graduates of online institutions - an attitude confirmed by a doctoral research study, The Market Value of Online Degrees as a Credible Credential, as well as by reports in U.S. News and World Report,  The New York Times  and elsewhere. The research study and news reports indicate that some reservations about distance learning graduates are simply the consequence of a lack of familiarity with the quality of education some online institutions offer - a reservation probably exacerbated by the well-publicized downfalls in 2016 of a few online degree institutions, especially the widely reported failure of The University of Phoenix. Beyond general (and sometimes not fully informed) objections to online learning by corporations considering new hires, there are some recurrent specific objections expressed by HRTs in the research study and in these news report that you will need to address. These are: Objections to degrees from unaccredited institutionsObjections to degrees from unfamiliar institutionsThe belief that science and engineering (and some other) courses require hands-on classroom experience unavailable onlineThe absence of the kind of social experience available in bricks and mortar institutions that prepare students for corporate employment - especially experience working in teams. How to Overcome These Deficits in Your Rà ©sumà © Herere some of the things you can do in your rà ©sumà © to combat these deficits. Make it easy for whoever reads your rà ©sumà © to believe in the validity of your institution. Theres no one right way to do this but consider footnoting the first mention of your institution with a short, but specific reference to its government accreditation. Dont simply supply the U.S. Department of Educations general website. Report concisely on the specifics of the governments accreditation of your particular institution. In no more than a sentence or two, do what you can do differentiate your institution from others of lesser repute. If your institution has some famous alums, mention one or (at most) two.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Briefly (this is the most important word to remember when drafting your rà ©sumà ©) point to whatever you can that establishes that while your institution may not be widely known, its an institution thats been in business for a while and is widely respected. This might be combined with the first suggestion, above.If youve had other kinds of hands-on experience, and many distance learners have, state this early in your rà ©sumà © to dispel the idea that your online degree hasnt provided you with real-world experience. Make it clear youve had other experiences related to your field that are equally valid. Do what you can - again, being both specific and concise - to show that youre comfortable and experienced working with others, either in some program that your online institution provides or through your life experiences.Help your rà ©sumà ©Ã‚  reviewer understand your strong points by using adjectives (but not too many of them!) that point them out. Several of these also address the points raised in 1-4, above. You are: DeterminedHard-workingDiligentTrustworthyA team-playerMotivatedReliableA self-starterLoyalStudiousAttentiveConscientiousIndustriousPersistentDynamicEnergeticEnterprisingEnthusiasticAggressiveConsistentOrganizedProfessionalMethodicalSkillfulPassionate

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance - Essay Example The government also gives a further indication for implementation of the recommendations. Hence, detailed explanation has been done in this paper to explain the rationale behind two of the recommendations of Vickers report. Retail Ring-Fencing One of the most controversial recommendations of the Vickers Commission is that the banks’ retail operations should be ring-fenced. Banks will be required to establish a separate legal entity within their corporate structure to provide retail and commercial banking services all over the country. The reason behind this to protect retail banking operations from risk-oriented financial activities and to ensure the continuous provision of retail banking services by ring-fenced banks, with reduced bail-out costs for taxpayers. The government agreed with Vickers Commission that banks should have relative freedom in respect of their investment. Banks will be permitted to continue copyrighted trading. The logic is that investment of UK banks sho uld operate without an implicit government guarantee and be allowed to fail in an orderly manner in case they enter into financial crisis. It is also predicted that the banks in UK will face challenges in implementing ring-fencing requirements, given their current corporate structures. ... The large exposure limits that are recommended in the report are designed to reduce the exposure a ring-fenced bank will have to other entities within its group. However, allowing secured exposure up to 45% of capital may prove unproductive in light of the write-downs of sovereign and asset-backed debts in the financial drawbacks (Kevin, 2007). Raise bank capital requirements The Vickers Commission has separately made various recommendations intended to raise the capital requirements of the banks in United Kingdom. It is also an attempt to increase the ability of banks to absorb losses or any other financial crisis. The ratio of equity to RWAs proposed by the Vickers Report for ring-fenced banks (of 10%) is higher than that proposed in Basel. The requirement for banks to have loss absorbing capacity of 17% is essentially more burdensome than under Basel III (Patrick, 2011). Therefore important banks will be required to hold capital at 11.5-13% of RWAs (Michael & Bernard, 2007). The g overnment of UK agreed that 17% is the appropriate number for large institutions, subject to further consultation. Moreover, accommodative tax regime will be required subjected to capital instruments subordinated debt for banks so that they could use these instruments to meet their enhanced capital ratios. HMRC is currently looking at ways to ensure these instruments work effectively and therefore reduce tax on interest payments. An important concession has been made by the government to UK-based multinational banks. The Vickers Report had proposed that such banks were required to have primary loss absorbing capital equal to 17% across all their operations. However, the government has stated that as long

Managing Earth's Natural Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Earth's Natural Resources - Essay Example Being a farmer, and hardworking one at that, I strongly oppose any arrangements that would subject Callicoon to hydraulic fracturing. Jack, I know that leasing land over to extraction companies seems logical. The money is satisfactory, and one gets to retain ownership of the land. Lots of promises got made by these companies concerning how they intend to harness this resource that is the natural gas. However, the very process of fracking in itself is harmful to the natural ecosystem regardless of whatever means gets used in harvesting (Zelman 2012). Hydraulic fracturing refers to a process that creates fractures in the rocks due to the action of pressurized fluid. The process of fracking gets done after a well gets drilled and fitted with steel pipes targeting the areas that hold gas or oil. When the fracturing fluid gets injected in the well, it flows along the perforations into the target zones. The pressure created through injection of the liquid fractures the formation. Upon frac turing, fluid injection stops and the fracturing fluid flow back to the surface. Materials like ceramic beads and sand which got injected together with the fracture fluid mixture remains in the fracture space to keep the fracture open (Zelman 2012). Hydraulic fracturing uses enormous volumes of water. ... The harvesting of large volumes of water for hydraulic fracturing has negative ecological impacts in the water ecosystem. Fracking in Marcellus Shale used up 650 million gallons each year. Apart from drying up of water aquifers, water harvesting affects aquatic flora and fauna and leads to loss of biodiversity. The transportation of this water gets done by trucks that cause localized air quality and destroys the roads (Zelman 2012). A wide array of chemicals gets used together with water in hydraulic fracturing. The amount of chemicals used when millions of gallons of water gets used is enormous. In other words, the amount of chemicals per hydraulic fracturing is substantial. For instance, fracking that uses up four million gallons requires up to 330 tons of chemicals. The department of Environmental Conservation put up a list of additives and chemicals used for fracturing in Marcellus Shale. These chemicals are toxic to both wildlife and people, some of which cause cancer. These sub stances include petroleum distillates such as toluene, naphthalene and ethylbenzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ethylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, formaldehyde, glycol ether and hydrochloric acid. The Environmental Working Group has stated that petroleum distillates like kerosene contain benzene, a well known carcinogen which gets toxic in water in quantities that exceed five parts per billion. Volatile organic compounds such as 1, 2- Dichloroethane that are found in fracturing fluid flow back exceed drinking water standards. Flow back samples obtained from Pennsylvania had 10 times the maximum amount of 1, 2- Dichloroethane that should be in drinking water (Zelman 2012). Jack, leasing land to these exploration companies will lead to the reduction of water and air quality.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 19

Essay Example petus to desegregation however occurred between 1866-1876 during the Reconstruction, when Congress overrode President Andrew Johnson and ratified the 14th Amendment. But in 1883 the U.S. Supreme Court overruled this and things reverted to their old ways although by 1869 the Freedmans Bureau had set up more than 3000 schools for black children. The most important judicial decision which led to total desegregation was the Brown v. Board of Education case, argued by such legal luminaries as Charles H. Houston and a battery of lawyers led by Thurgood Marshall, which opened the floodgates for reforms in the segregated educational system. The case was a combination of cases filed in South Carolina, Delaware, Virginia, Washington D.C and Kansas. The Delaware case challenged the poor conditions of schools for blacks and also the plight of children who had to travel an hour everyday to attend a school with poor facilities because the local high school refused to take them. Louis Redding, a local NAACP attorney was the lawyer. The South Carolina case was a class action civil suit against the inferior conditions in black schools, filed by the state NAACP at the urging of Rev. J.A. DeLaine. The case from Virginia was against the inadequate buildings and inferior school facilities and was facilitated by the NAACP. The case from Washin gton D.C was filed when students from a black school, during a field trip to a white school were denied entry and the ruling stated it â€Å"a denial of the due process of law guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment†. The Kansas case which gained fame as the Brown v. Board of Education case was filed on denial of admission to black children in schools segregated for whites. The Topeka NAACP under McKinley Burnett was responsible for this suit. This case was a landmark judgment because it paved the way for desegregation, not only in schools but also other public utilities and led the way for greater change in society and a general attitude towards

Different subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Different subject - Essay Example The working of Electricity generators is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The principle can be illustrated as induction of flow of electrons by a moving conductor in a field influenced by magnet. This it is a simple principle that leads to major achievements in the spectrum of development and growth of industries. It is the principle that Faraday succeeded to prove that a rotary mechanical motion can induce or generate electricity. Devices that produce electricity with the help of mechanical motion are termed as electric generators. The mechanical motion can be assisted in many ways it can be pressurized water moving water wheel, steam engine, wind turbine, and internal combustion engine etc but the basic principle is same in all the cases. With the evolution of electric generators and electrical field, many areas of human life are optimized in best manner; anything can be powered anytime with utmost customization potential. The reverse process of converting elect rical energy into mechanical energy is achieved through motors that have similar components as in electric generators. Mechanism and Principle of Working All elements are composed of atoms. ... If the same metallic wire is placed around a magnetic field and the magnetic field is subjected to motional variation then some amount of voltage appear across the wire that causes the electric charges to flow through the passage. The faster the field is subjected to change the higher the voltage produced and higher the charges flow. This means a moving magnetic field drives the electrons present in the metallic wire. However there is a requirement that the circuit of the wire remains closed if incase the circuit is open the motion of magnetic field will not affect the charges and charges will remain static. This simply means that a moving magnetic field can induce current in a closed circuit, and this is the basic principle of physics that is discussed earlier as electromagnetic induction. In the case of generators there is not a single wire but there are bunch of wires all connected in series with each other so that the total potential difference induced in a generator is the sum o f all potential differences induced in each single wire and so on. It actually explains that if there are thousand windings this means the magnitude of potential difference of a generator is thousand times than that of a single wire in that varying magnetic field. The above discussed mechanism is of popular and known generators, which are based on electromagnetic induction, however before that there were generators that deliver electric charges but they work on the principle of electrostatic induction, but since the magnitude of such electrostatic generators were minimal and ineffective therefore the usage of such generators are now obsolete. Electrostatic induction is about generating static charge in a conductor by bringing it

Sonic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sonic - Essay Example They are proven to be successful in this line of computer software production. In fact they are dubbed as the leader in digital media. One of the key reasons why they attain this status is their zeal to improve their overall business position through innovation. In fact they are one of the pioneers in burning data in blue-ray DVDs that can store massive amounts of data (up to 50 gigabytes). With the proliferation of the third generation (3G) technology, it is almost a necessity to tap this market. Though Sonic has already been in the business of providing its customers technological mileage in digital media software as compared to its rivals, it has yet to extend its market to mobile phones and gadgets. To keep up with the fast paced, ever changing, and ever shifting world, Sonic, in my opinion, should set its eyes on capitalizing on the benefits given by the most recent technology in mobile devices, particularly on its power to provide real-time duplex video streaming that can enhance productivity, as well as personal interaction. They should also find ways to maximize the productivity of their customers by utilizing commonly used objects, such as watches, for storing and playing digital media. They should engage into partnership with other hardware producers and electronics companies in designing smart products where their software can be used. 2. Digital media has undergone major changes since this technology was first introduced in the market. This technology aims to improve our productivity, our access to and communicability with our other persons and to our environment, and storage and retrieval of files. In short, it should make our life and work easier, more connected with our love ones and our fellow humans and more productive. Another important feature that it gradually adopts is its accessibility and usability by all. The invention of mobile phones and other portable gadgets capable of playing video files is an example of digital media innovation. In line these innovations in digital media, Sonic, in my opinion, should further enhance their leadership in this field of technology. They need to capitalize on the mobile gadgets market, particularly on mobile phones. Now that 3G technology users are increasing, they should find out possibilities to capture this market segment. To penetrate this market, the first new product that I would suggest is they should collaborate with mobile phone producers, and operating systems developers for mobile phones to create a mobile phone that can convert 3G streaming to DVD quality video and has a small-sized blue-ray DVD burner. By inventing this technology, mobile phones user can avail of DVD quality video file by merely using their 3G capable phones. Another new idea worth introducing to the market is the production of DVD and CD burners and players for watches. With the partnership of digital watch producers, this new product will enable its consumers to use watches for pleasure as well as for saving important document and video files by the use of their watches. This digital phone can function as a PDA and a 3G phone that has Sonic software for viewing and burning ordinary or blue-ray DVD. Another product that they can add to their innovative product line is a program that can amplify the resolution of videos. This would entail improving the quality of video by converting ordinary video CDs into superior

Reader response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reader response - Essay Example Moreover, the searches they conduct as well as detainment is racially biased. The authors posit that the border patrol is a venture that has proved unsuccessful and is likely to prove so in the future. Despite the efforts made by the patrol border, masses of people still migrate into the American territory. This paper will present a response to Silko’s text. In my opinion, the border patrol exercise only serves to limit the freedom of movement enjoyed by many Americans because of the numerous stops in different places. My view conforms to the opinion of the author expressed in the first paragraph of the text when she says, â€Å"As proud citizens, we grew up believing the freedom to travel was our inalienable right, a right that some Native Americans had been denied in the early 20th century† (115). Evidently, American citizens have a right to enjoy the freedom of movement, however, the stringency of the border patrol only serves to contravene this right. With the border patrol in places, Americans are frustrated by the numerous stops impromptu searches and in the worst cases imprisonment. From the author’s experience during the fateful night when they were stopped, it becomes evident that the border patrol is a source of frustration to the Americans (Archuleta 115). The experience of the author after being stopped by the border patrol is not an isolated case because the border patrol agents are stopping people at a higher frequency than any other time in history. The author highlights that, â€Å"Unfortunately, what happened to me is an everyday occurrence here now† (118). This statement is meant to place emphasis on the increasing rates of patrols at different checkpoints. The border patrol has increased its activity and extends its control to all the highways and roads that lead to the border o emanate from the border in states such as California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It is disturbing to learn about the different cases highlighted by the

Different subject Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Different subject - Essay Example The working of Electricity generators is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The principle can be illustrated as induction of flow of electrons by a moving conductor in a field influenced by magnet. This it is a simple principle that leads to major achievements in the spectrum of development and growth of industries. It is the principle that Faraday succeeded to prove that a rotary mechanical motion can induce or generate electricity. Devices that produce electricity with the help of mechanical motion are termed as electric generators. The mechanical motion can be assisted in many ways it can be pressurized water moving water wheel, steam engine, wind turbine, and internal combustion engine etc but the basic principle is same in all the cases. With the evolution of electric generators and electrical field, many areas of human life are optimized in best manner; anything can be powered anytime with utmost customization potential. The reverse process of converting elect rical energy into mechanical energy is achieved through motors that have similar components as in electric generators. Mechanism and Principle of Working All elements are composed of atoms. ... If the same metallic wire is placed around a magnetic field and the magnetic field is subjected to motional variation then some amount of voltage appear across the wire that causes the electric charges to flow through the passage. The faster the field is subjected to change the higher the voltage produced and higher the charges flow. This means a moving magnetic field drives the electrons present in the metallic wire. However there is a requirement that the circuit of the wire remains closed if incase the circuit is open the motion of magnetic field will not affect the charges and charges will remain static. This simply means that a moving magnetic field can induce current in a closed circuit, and this is the basic principle of physics that is discussed earlier as electromagnetic induction. In the case of generators there is not a single wire but there are bunch of wires all connected in series with each other so that the total potential difference induced in a generator is the sum o f all potential differences induced in each single wire and so on. It actually explains that if there are thousand windings this means the magnitude of potential difference of a generator is thousand times than that of a single wire in that varying magnetic field. The above discussed mechanism is of popular and known generators, which are based on electromagnetic induction, however before that there were generators that deliver electric charges but they work on the principle of electrostatic induction, but since the magnitude of such electrostatic generators were minimal and ineffective therefore the usage of such generators are now obsolete. Electrostatic induction is about generating static charge in a conductor by bringing it

Reader response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reader response - Essay Example Moreover, the searches they conduct as well as detainment is racially biased. The authors posit that the border patrol is a venture that has proved unsuccessful and is likely to prove so in the future. Despite the efforts made by the patrol border, masses of people still migrate into the American territory. This paper will present a response to Silko’s text. In my opinion, the border patrol exercise only serves to limit the freedom of movement enjoyed by many Americans because of the numerous stops in different places. My view conforms to the opinion of the author expressed in the first paragraph of the text when she says, â€Å"As proud citizens, we grew up believing the freedom to travel was our inalienable right, a right that some Native Americans had been denied in the early 20th century† (115). Evidently, American citizens have a right to enjoy the freedom of movement, however, the stringency of the border patrol only serves to contravene this right. With the border patrol in places, Americans are frustrated by the numerous stops impromptu searches and in the worst cases imprisonment. From the author’s experience during the fateful night when they were stopped, it becomes evident that the border patrol is a source of frustration to the Americans (Archuleta 115). The experience of the author after being stopped by the border patrol is not an isolated case because the border patrol agents are stopping people at a higher frequency than any other time in history. The author highlights that, â€Å"Unfortunately, what happened to me is an everyday occurrence here now† (118). This statement is meant to place emphasis on the increasing rates of patrols at different checkpoints. The border patrol has increased its activity and extends its control to all the highways and roads that lead to the border o emanate from the border in states such as California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. It is disturbing to learn about the different cases highlighted by the

Interventions Case Study Essay Example for Free

Interventions Case Study Essay The case study chosen is about Sean which comes from chapter 7 in the Crisis Intervention Case Book. Sean is a 19 year old sophomore who is currently on disciplinary probation for getting in a fight during freshman year and breaking the other students jaw. Sean admits to drinking and also smoking marijuana since high school and occasionally on campus. Currently Sean was brought to the emergency room by a friend after passing out on the lawn at a beer party. His friend had seen that Sean vomited all over himself and would not wake up. His friend then called 911 and an ambulance came. At the emergency room Sean’s stomach was pumped and a blood test shown an extremely high level of alcohol along with marijuana and oxycontin. Sean’s case is considered a medical crisis because if his friend would of left him there Sean could have choked on vomit and died. Crisis components Sean’s case starts off as a medical crisis because of the circumstances Sean being unconscious and having an extremely high blood alcohol level. In this case if Sean’s friend would have left him on the lawn thinking he was going to let him just sleep the situation could have become critical. Many individuals can vomit or aspirate while intoxicated and could possibly die of asphyxiation especially when they become unconscious or unable to wake up. The individual should be brought to a hospital immediately where they can be observed and treated. Sean combined three different substances that night which included alcohol, marijuana (THC), and oxycontin. This is a lethal combination, which could have ended in Sean being in a coma or possibly even death; because of this Sean could be considered suicidal. It was also mentioned that Sean had alcoholism in his family and it can be genetic. Sean admitted to not being able to control his drinking and not remembering what happened the night before. This is a dangerous aspect of  drinking. Intervention strategies When Sean’s medical crisis was stabilized, he was evaluated and began speaking with a counselor. When speaking to the counselor Sean admits that, he does not remember what happened last night or how he came to be at the hospital. He remembered being at the Sigma house and playing a drinking game around 10:00 pm and did not remember much after that. He even mentioned a story about drinking when he was in high school. Sean was very worried that his parents would find out and that they would make him come home. He seemed to be very nervous about not knowing whether his parents were called or not. Sean admitted to smoking marijuana before the party. He also stated that a friend gave him oxycontin. Sean mentioned that his father was an alcoholic and used to come home all the time drunk, which caused tension between his father and mother. His father would come home slurring his speech, coming home buzzed or sometimes not coming home at all. His father attended AA meeting and he no longer drinks. The counselor asked Sean if it would be okay to set an appointment for him at the outpatient center at the medical center, which Sean seemed willing to do anything to stay in school. The counselor also agreed to meet with Sean’s parents to discuss the plan they have made to make it easier for Sean to confront them. There are other intervention strategies that could have been provided such as a support group that Sean can be involved in with other students who are in the same situation as Sean or who have been there. When trying to stop drinking, peer support groups can be an invaluable source of guidance, assistance, and encouragement. Groups are very helpful, not only in maintaining sobriety, but also as a safe place to get support and discuss challenges. Connecting with others who know first-hand what you’re going through can help reduce feelings of isolation, fear, and hopelessness. Staying motivated and positive is much easier when you have others you can turn to and lean on to help you get through tough times. It would also benefit Sean to join a school club or sport. Sean would feel part of a team and can spend extra time practicing and keeping busy instead of drinking. If Sean’s drinking escalates then he may need to attend weekly AA meetings. Sean could also look into changing dorms to one that I think the last draw would be moving back home and getting away from the partying environment. His parents could  give him support and he would have a safe place to come home to after classes and on the weekends. Strategy to implement change There is not much that can be done to change someone who doesn’t believe they have a problem and who doesn’t want to change. However the university that Sean attends could set a new policy to make changes within the school and students. It seems to me that there are many parties which include drinking, and drugs on school property and any plans would have to include limiting drinking on campus and in the dormitories, a strong drug enforcement policy and disiplines when these policies are broken. A strategy could be for the school to ban excessive partying to the point where people are passing out and are in danger. It can be impossible to eliminate partying all together, but there can be rules such as partying must not proceed past 12:00 on school campus. On an extreme level the university could put a ban on all alcohol on campus and enforce it strictly. They can put students on an academic probation, or even expel them altogether if found with drugs, or alcohol. If authorities are involved which would include a student being brought to a hospital from drugs/drinking that person will be banned from living on university property if continued. This can eliminate the amount of partying and the level of partying going on. It can even come to a point where a student may be kicked out of the university because of multiple warnings. This can promote change to the campus and the students knowing that the university does not support drug abuse, or alcohol abuse. The university would have to take a strong stand and enforce these rules for them to be successful. In conclusion there are many aspects that would qualify Sean as an alcoholic. Sean cannot control his drinking and will not remember what happened the night before. Sean has had drinking altercations in the past. He also admits to using marijuana and other drugs such as oxytocin. Sean’s counselor set an appointment at an outpatient center and agreed to meet with his parents to discuss their plan. Further interventions such as support groups and AA meeting may be necessary if Sean’s drinking does not decrease. To implement change the university may need to add policy’s that relate to drinking on campus and partying. This will help students like Sean who may struggle with alcohol and other drugs. Reference: Cavaiola, A. A., Colford, J. E. (2011).Crisis intervention case book. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Food Safety Issues Related to Street Vendors

Food Safety Issues Related to Street Vendors Introduction Street food vending forms a very important segment of the unauthorized sector of food industry. As a result of rapidly growing economy and better employment opportunities in urban areas, urban sector attracts a large proportion of population for employment and results in settlement of this section in other areas of big cities and development of suburbs. This growth is expected to increase significantly with the increasing urbanization population growth, especially in developing countries. Due to this transition, food habits of people are getting affected. In India during recent years there is an increasing trend in the sale and consumption of foods on the roadside. Though Street food vending is found around the world, but it has variations within both regions and cultures. Nowadays street food is becoming very popular and is in demand because it saves one’s time and energy as it is ready to eat, street foods reflect the traditional local culture and is one of the best ways to experience the real cuisine of any community. The Street vended foods include foods without any preparation, ready to eat food and foods cooked on the site. A part from this street food is appreciated for the taste, flavour they offer at low, affordable price to the general population. (Bhowmick, 2005) Street vended foods include foods as diverse as meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, grains, cereals, frozen produce and beverages. Street foods may be sold in places or found in clusters around public places, such as the market or fair, place of work, schools colleges, railway stations, hospital and bus terminals and may be vended from roadside makeshift stalls, carts or small establishments by hawkers or vendors . According to food and agricultural Organisation (F A O), 2.5 million people eat street food daily. The national policy for urban street vendors/hawkers of India notes that street vendors, roughly estimated to be 10 million, constitute approximately 2% of the metro populations. FAO defines street vended foods as â€Å"Ready – to – eat foods and beverages prepared and/ or sold by vendors and hawkers especially in street and other similar public place (FAO 1988). According to National policy on urban street vendors, street vendor is broadly defined as a person who offers goods for sale to the public without having a permanent built up structure but with a temporary static structure or mobile stall (or head load). Street vendors may be stationary by occupying space on the pavements or other public /private areas or may be mobile in the sense that move from place to place carrying their wares on push carts or in cycles or baskets on their heads ,or may sell their wares in moving trains, bus etc. (National policy on urban street vendors,2004). The rising popularity of street food vending, besides its social support system for the under privileged urban population is it’s easily accessibility; variety in taste, low cost fresh and often nutritious attributes. People spend almost 50% of their income on food; among low income groups this figure may go up to 70% (Bhandari). A study conducted in India in the city of Varanasi, observed that about 42% of working men and women in the age groups of 25-45 and 61% of the students in the age group of 14 -21 consumed food from the street vendors rather carrying foods from home to the workplace . About 82% of people of all age groups prefer to go to street vendors against 18% only who prefer to go to the restaurants in the evening (Mishra2007) FAO and WHO recognising this spiralling Asian trend, has promoted documents on â€Å" Food safety requirements for street vended foods† and also on â€Å" Training aspects â€Å" of safe food for small operator and inspectors. Presently countries like Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia have put together a structured national program to promote food safety in street vended food. IMPORTANCE of street foods The concept of traditional street food has acquired new dimensions in developed countries with food streets/ food centres emerging as new tourist attractions. Though street food culture pervades almost all countries of developed regions, the Asian street food is considered as the best in the world. The Time magazine survey of 2004 and the CNN report of March 2012 find Asia’s 10 greatest street food cities and tell us how the street food make those cities economically bustling and socially charming. Malaysia’s Penang, Taiwan’s Taipei, Thailand’s Bangkok, Japan’sFuloka, Vietnam’s Hanoi, Korea’s Seoul, Singapore, China’s Xian, Philippines’s Manila and Cambodia’s Phnom Penh find their places in this list of 10 top Asian street food cities. Street foods play a very important role in providing inexpensive and nutritious foods, particularly for millions in the middle and lower income groups. The FAO and the WHO have carried out several studies on street foods in different countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Besides their convenience and employment potential, the greatest factor in their favour is the fact that they can provide per capita calorie and protein requirements within a cost of around $1(wilnaro). It also plays an important social- economic role in terms of employment potential and in serving the food and nutritional requirements of consumers at the affordable prices. It requires a low capital investment, offers a chance for self employment and provides business opportunities for developing entrepreneurs. It also contributes to local and national economic growth by supporting local agricultural producers and food processors. Thus the socioeconomic significance of street foods is immense. Street foods are an attractive experience of varied foods for tourists. In developing countries, making and vending street food provides a regular source of income for vast number of men and particularly women, who lack education or skills. Also the street food vendors are valuable, because it is a large significant area supporting the livelihood of millions of the urban poor. Nothing represents the rich tapestry of India’s multi cultural fabric better than street food. The cuisine of a place speaks volume about the weather; cultural life style and habit of the people. The convenience and low price make street food the most favoured choice. Many itinerant workers who do not have proper housing and cooking facilities have no option but to depend upon street foods. Risk factors involved Food borne illness associated with the consumption of street vended foods has been reported in several places in India. Multiple lines of evidence reveal that foods exposed for sale on the roadsides may become contaminated either by spoilage or pathogenic microorganisms (Bryans et.al 1992:A shenafi;1995;WHO,1984) Food can easily be adulterated to defraud the consumer and deprive him of his money’s worth. According to WHO (1989), Food handling personnel play an important role in ensuring food safety throughout the chain of food production and storage. Mishandling and disregard of hygiene measures on the part of the food vendors may enable pathogenic bacteria to come into contact with food and in some cases survive and multiply in sufficient numbers to cause illness in the consumer.Tamberker et.al,reported that poor hygiene of vendors resulted in higher contamination(66.6%), reducing to (33.4%) where hygiene was fare. This higher contamination can be due to dirty clothing, unhyg ienic handling and serving practices, contaminated hands and lack of knowledge of hygienic practices. Many foods are highly perishable. They are easily contaminated when produced in an unhealthy and unclean environment. Microbiological contamination and spoilage of food needs to be prevented through good handling practice (Ham bridge). More often than not, the microbiological quality of street foods, especially that of prepared dishes and drinks is below standard, indicating inappropriate sanitary and hygienic practices during preparation and handling. Most of the foods are not well protected from flies, which carry food borne pathogens. Food borne pathogens are recognized as a major health hazard associated with street foods. Salmonella species is a post modern pathogen, which belongs to important food contaminating bacteria, causing a high number of human infections worldwide. Consumption of raw or inadequately processed animal foods can have a significant public health risk as such foods are frequently contaminated with pathogens and occasionally with toxic chemicals. Similarly vegetables, fruits and grains may carry hazardous contaminants. Further, unsanitary environmental conditions like proximity of the establishment to sewers or garbage dumps, pollution from traffic add to the public health risks associated with street foods. Additional hazards may also be in the form of use of improper food additives (often unauthorized colouring), myotoxins, heavy metals and other contaminants (such as pesticide residues) in street foods. Infrastructure developments are relatively limited with restricted access to potable water, toilets, refrigeration and washing and waste disposal facilities. Food Safety Practices—effects on public health With the increasing pace of globalisation and tourism, the safety of street food has become one of the major concerns of public health. There is difficulty in controlling the large numbers of street food vending operations because of their diversity, mobility and temporary nature. Food safety issues have been the most wanted intervention in the field of nutrition all over the world. Safety of the street food is an important aspect in the field of nutrition security. Ensuring food quality and food safety is equally significant for the welfare of an individual, a community and a nation. Since this is an unorganised sector, there is felt need of generating government’s initiation for its development. There is also a need of generating food and personal hygiene and ensuring an effective system of regular health examination of vendors and regular sample collection of food they are serving to the customers. In spite of numerous advantages offered by street foods, there are also seve ral health hazards associated with this sector of the economy. Many human illnesses are food related, because of lack of basic infrastructure and services, such as nutritional status and economic well-being are affected by food carrying pathogenic organisms and their toxins and by poisonous chemicals. Appropriate location and condition of vending stalls, observation of personal hygiene by vendors, employing washed and clean utensils, using potable water and proper drainage and waste disposal are some steps to be taken which can lead to hygiene and safe food. In India, traditional methods of processing and packaging, improper holding temperature, poor personal hygiene of food handlers are still observed during food marketing and sales. Consumption of raw inadequately processed animal foods can have a significant public health risk as such foods are frequently contaminated with pathogens and occasionally with toxic chemicals. Similarly vegetables fruits and grains may carry hazardous contaminants. There are also problems with the use of unauthorized food colours and some other additives, as well as chemical contamination from the environment. Various studies have been also done to observe the personal hygiene, health and food handling practices like (vendors not wearing clean clothes, are dirty, chewing tobacco during food handling and do not wipe hands after every service of food.). Bhasker et.al (2004) reported that defective personal hygiene can facilitate the transmission of pathogenic bacteria found in environment and on people’s hands via food to humans. Handling with bare may result in cross contaminants, hence introduction of microbes on safe food (FAO’1997). Paulson D.S (1994) also reported that outbreaks are generally caused by foods due to poor personal hygiene of the vendors, during preparation or storage of food. Unhygienic surrounding like sewerage, improper waste disposal system and inadequate water supply attract flies and houseflies which further increase food contamination as reported by Chumber et.al, 2007. To instil professional face to street food operators, the street food safety manage ment needs a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) and the prerequisite system as good manufacturing practices (GMPs) and good hygiene practices.(GHPs). Following Table reports current hazards and critical control points observed at the main steps along the street food production chain. Table—Hazards and critical control points identified at different steps of street food production chain Source:Chirag Gadi Microbial hazards and their solution, critical points, practical control processing measures and monitoring procedures as well as principles of food microbiology and food safety need to be incorporated for the safe street food preparation. Standards or Criteria to maintain while handling the food. The standards of street food safety can be upgraded by the vendors through implementation of some basic good practices with respect to hygiene and food handling. Standards for food handler requirements such as hand-washing, working attire, personal hygiene and personal behaviour should be maintained. Standards for food-vending equipment; which must be food grade ,easy to clean and sanitize, standards for food serving such as safe food cover and packaging, regular hygiene and sanitation inspection and monitoring of good food handling practices should always be maintained. Kinton and Ceserani(1996) recommended that food stuffs of all kinds should be kept covered as much as possible to prevent contamination from dust and flies. The food safety and standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has started engaging with the national association of street vendors of India in systematizing and professionalising street foods across cities in the wider interests of ensuring public health and protecting livelihood of street food vendors. Also FSSAI is in the process of developing guidelines and regulations to ensure food safety and safe street foods for state governments to implement. The Food safety and standards Authority of India has prepared a checklist, guidelines and prerequisite for registration of medium to small food –vending establishment to ensure food safety and upgrading of existing conditions of eating establishments. Several agencies at the level of the state governments, the department of public health, commerce, consumer affairs and food processing, the local municipalities and the police administration have identified roles and responsibilities in these guidelines and regulations that are expected to be executed to ensure safe street foods. Microbial hazards and their solution, critical points, practical control processing measures and monitoring procedures as well as principles of food processing microbiology and food safety need to be incorporated for the safe street food preparation. Appropriate location and conditions of vending stalls, observation of personal hygiene by vendors, employing washed and clean utensils, using potable water and proper drainage and waste disposal are some steps to be taken which can lead to hygiene and safe food. Policy issues for provision of safe food Adapting the five keys to safer food to address the street food sector (WHO,2011). WHO has developed few measures for street food vendors based on the principles of five keys to safe food. These can be incorporated and taught in Indian scenario. These are: Key 1: keep clean Key 2: raw and cooked food should be kept separated. Key 3: destroy hazards when possible. Key 4: keep microorganisms in food from growing. Key 5: use safe water and raw material. The Ministry of Food processing industries has proposed schemes for â€Å"’Safe Food Towns’’ and safe food streets’’. These schemes aim to upgrade the quality of street food by promoting Indian cuisines at affordable rates in locations of tourist importance through upgrading and creation of common Conclusion Keeping in view the scale of operation of such enterprises, it is quite a challenge to bring about improvements in the street food scenario. Policing action has to be coupled with training. Local bodies have also to provide facilities for safe water supply, garbage disposal etc. The HACCP approach can be applied to keep down hazards to consumers.(Raj.k.Malik)

Math Research Paper -- Essays Papers

Math Research Paper Since the 1980’s calculator use in the classroom has been a huge controversy between educators (Golden, 2000). It is becoming increasingly common to use calculators in the classroom on a regular basis. Some states allow students to use calculators on standardized tests and as part of the regular curriculum (Dion, 2001). Because we live in such a technologically changing world, hand held calculators have been far surpassed and can be purchased for as low as $4.00 each. This low price however, has not swayed the many people that believe calculators are not appropriate in the classroom. These critics argue that calculators take away student’s basic knowledge of mathematics, prevent children from truly understanding mathematical concepts, avert their minds from learning logical reasoning, and give students a false sense of confidence about their mathematical ability (Education World, 2002). â€Å"Kids get to use calculators as a substitute for practice, and they never really understand arithmetic,† says Sandy Stotsky, a teacher in Massachusetts, one of the few states that have taken a back-to-basics approach states (Golden, 2000). Critics also believe that calculators work against learning basic mathematics, and do not allow children to appreciate the nature of math. They believe it takes the thinking out of mathematics (Stoll, 1999). Another argument that is brought up is that low-income and minority elementary school students are more likely to use calculators than middle-income which elementary school children. They are also more likely to score lower on standardized tests. â€Å"At Hazelwood Elementary, where nearly half of the students are black and almost all qualify for subsidized school lunches, 7... ... use in elementary classrooms. Teaching Children Mathematics, 1 (5), 300-304. Education World. (2002). Educators battle over calculator use: Both sides claim casualties. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr072.shtml. Golden, D. (2000). Calculators may be the wrong answer as a 'digital divide' widens in schools. Maple River Education Coalition. Retrieved February, 22, 2003, from http://www.mredcopac.org/update62.htm. Reys, B., Arbaugh, F., Joyner, J. (2001). Clearing up the Confusion over Calculator Use In Grades K-5. Teaching Children Mathematics, 8 (2), 90-95. Reys, R., Lindquist, M., Lambdin, D., Smith, N., Suydan, M. (2003). Helping children learn mathematics (6th ed.). United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Stoll, C. (1999). High tech heretic. New York: Doubleday.

The Importance of Chapter Six in The Turn of the Screw Essay -- Henry

The Importance of Chapter Six in The Turn of the Screw Chapter Six is an important section of The Turn of the Screw, as it involves many of the themes of the story, as well as reflecting its general narrative structure. James' novel is phenomenally complex; it has an incredible ambiguity to it, which allows for some very outlandish and far-fetched ideas to be formulated. A 'theme' can almost be drawn from almost every other sentence, if one so desires. It is deciding which issues have a little more to them than there may seem at first and which are what they appear, nothing more, which is difficult. As with many books of its ilk, over-analysing is a serious essay writing hazard. To take things one aspect at a time, and to begin with the narrative structure. Whilst not exactly a key issue' of the story, the narrative structure can often inŸuence how those issues are revealed and detailed to readers, so still holds some relevance to the essay title. Chapter Six' overall structure is very similar to that of the story as a whole. It begins quietly, after the climax at the end of the previous chapter (as with the main part of The Turn of the Screw after the prologue, which creates a great deal of anticipation) and begins to increase in tension slowly throughout, with a slight lull in the middle, where the narrative becomes very reŸective and introspective, with the Governess writing her thoughts seemingly as they enter her head, creating a somewhat rambling, dense prose. Finally, when readers are least expecting it, the plot suddenly leaps into view once again, creating an exciting žnale ("Then I again shifted my eyes - I faced what I had to face.†¢) which leaves many plot threads open to inter... ... - a Gothic story. This is most evident when Miss Jessel appears across the lake. This is a particularly Gothic image, made all the more vivid in the following chapter, when she is described as "a žgure of quite as unmistakable horror and evil: a woman in black, pale and dreadful.†¢ In retrospect, this makes the end of Chapter Six seem even more Gothic. Chapter Six reŸects many of the key issues of the story, more so than most chapters. However, The Turn of the Screw is a very intense book, and every sentence seems to have hints of some deeper, darker deliberation on the part of James' writing. It is not unusual in this story to have a single chapter that contains a great deal of important information and relevance to the rest of the book - Chapter Six does tend to explore more issues in such a short space than other sections of the story, however.

Position Paper- Palliative vs Curative Care

According to the World Heath Organisation (WHO, 2011), Palliative care is an approach, which aims to improve quality of life of patients and families who are crippled with life threatening illnesses. Alternatively, curative care is an approach that aims to prolong life through technological advances and medicine. It seems that the best approach to health care, would be to improve the quality of life as well as prolong life, through a combination of both curative and palliative care. The best approach to health care is a combination of both curative and palliative care. Combining the best of life prolonging technological advances whilst maximising quality of life should be the ultimate aim of all medical practitioners. The basic endeavour should be to cure an individual; however, if the quality of life is impacted it may not be an advisable or worthwhile process. This is the reason why there is a necessity for the integration of both. By curing someone of their disease or illness whilst concurrently giving them a high quality of life through palliative treatment, the objective is achieved. This approach is more appropriate than choosing between palliative and curative, due to the blurred boundaries between what represents curative and what represents palliative care. The natural course and the severity of the disease, and a better understanding of symptoms such as pain, cause the blurred boundaries. (Cooney, 2005). The definition between curative and palliative care are considered dichotomous. However, both methods are needed to achieve optimal results. There are many misconceptions that suggest an ‘either-or’ method. This is heightened by Medicare policies and regulations, and equivalent requirements of some health plans and insurance guidelines (Byock, 2000). Many do not understand that there is an option for both, which is the ultimate alternative. Within the health care system where cure should be valued vastly, palliative is perceived as the second best option and is only presented when there are no better options is available. However, the basic principle of palliative care stresses the value of consistent stability of care such as symptom management (Byock, 2000). Curative care is directed towards seeking a cure for an existing disease or medical condition. Through technology and medicine it prolongs life. Paul Jewell’s (2005) article on the sanctity of life states that this notion of the sanctity of life is promoted as an ethical standard, a conduct to professional practice and legislated constraints. His article further suggests that medical practitioners are expected to work in ways that correspond to common social expectations and legal restrictions. Thus, signifying that the main concern should be the wellbeing of the patient. Within the Australian Medical Association’s code of ethics, it is stated that there is a responsibility to preserve life, however, where death is deemed to be pending and where curative or life-prolonging treatment is absent, one must try to certify that death transpires with dignity and relief through palliative care (AMA, Code of Ethics, 2004). It is through the reasons listed above and a basic understanding of human rights that insist that all individuals should aim to be cured. Curative methods such as chemotherapy are expensive procedures. According to Simoens et, al. (2010), the smallest proportion of hospital costs are in the palliative care unit. For some this may be a motivation to choose palliative over curative, however, the value of life is more important than the cost. Palliative care is as essential as curative because there is no point in curing a patient and then leaving them with a poor quality of life. The aim of palliative care is to relive symptoms of ill patients and improve quality of life. Despite the technological advancements in medicine, many illnesses elude cure. Thus it leaves terminally ill patients, and patients with chronic diseases with palliative care being a necessity (Doyle et, al. 20). Therefore palliative is highly important and possibly the only option for the treatment of those individuals. Palliative care specifically cares for those who are terminally ill focusing not on curing them but treating their symptoms, making them comfortable while controlling their pain. It allows the patient to feel in control of their treatment and their quality of life. It also allows individuals and families to understand that dying is a normal stage and an inherent part of life, and to come to terms with the inevitable. Through a developmental approach, this step presents perspective and opportunity for the individual to discover ways of growing and developing towards a â€Å"self-determined sense of completion in personal, interpersonal and spiritual realms of life† (Byock, 2000). During this last stage of life, palliative care of terminally ill patients allows growth and a sense of closure between patients and families, both individually and together (Byock, 2000). These patients are offered not only relief from pain and other symptoms, but also psychological and emotional support from psychologists and counsellors for them and their families (WHO, 2011). For terminally ill patients, palliative care offers quality of life treatments both at the hospital and at home such as nursing, supportive therapy, and physiotherapy, etc. Simoens et, al. 2010). Aged patients generally choose palliative care over curative despite the fact that their illness may be curable. The suffering of their family and friends around them generally influences this decision. The Social Cognitive Theory, illustrates how individual aspects as well as environmental factors and human behaviour apply influence upon each other (National Cancer Institute, 2005). Thus careful decision-making needs to be made with the interest of the aged patient in mind. Palliative care is also highly important for individuals who are not suffering from terminal illnesses, and also for those who have chosen curative methods. It allows them to have a better quality of life throughout the procedure and the recovery period. Without palliative care assisting curative methods, individuals would be unlikely to choose to go through the curative methods knowing there would be a poor quality of life after. In conclusion through a close analysis of both curative and palliative care, the best approach to health care would be an integration of both methods. Each individual circumstance needs to be looked at holistically. Curative methods are essential in pro-longing an individuals life. However, there is sanctity of life, which needs to be valued. By not providing cure of illness or disease one does not recognise the sanctity of their life. Palliative care is just as important as curative. It is important for patients who are not only terminally ill or aged, but those who choose curative methods. By curing a patient, one needs to palliate them by relieving symptoms of possible pain or discomfort. If palliative care is not provided, there would be no point in curing a patient by giving them a poor quality of life. Thus they need to work in conjunction with each other for the most successful results.